China has succesfuly launched the Tiangong-1 adalah salahsatu Hadiah Innovasi Tehnologi Modern RRT pada Perayaan Peringatan 62 Tahun berdirinya RRT.
"Now China has lost its interest in the ISS because it has
its own irons in the fire".
Hidup RRT - Jayalah Rakyat dan Negeri !
Hidup Partai Komunis Tiongkok - Organisator dan Motor
untuk pembangunan Masyarakat yang maju disegala bidang hubungan kehidupan RRT.
China orbits future ISS rivalChina has successfully launched the Tiangong-1© AFP/21:36 30/09/2011RIA Novosti military commentator Konstantin BogdanovChina has successfully launched the Tiangong-1,
a prototype laboratory for an orbiting space station. This is the next step in Beijing's conquest of space and to catch up with the
International Space Station in the not too distant future.
Long road to blast-off
The Chinese postponed the launch for a year. The carrier rocket with
the orbiting laboratory module was first rolled out in the spring of
2010. The launch of Tiangong-1 (Heavenly Palace-1) was scheduled for the beginning of 2011.
But in January, the launch was pushed back to the second half of
2011. Preparations for the latest launch attempt began in August: it was first reported that Tiangong-1 would be orbited before September but the date was finally set for September 29, 2011.
Tiangong-1's four objectives:
- To practice approach and docking maneuvers with the unmanned
Shenzhou-8 spacecraft already in orbit (scheduled for late November).
Together they will form the first prototype for a Chinese orbiting
station.
- To check the operation of a common control system, with Tiangong-1 playing the leading role.
- To test the life-support system shared by the two spacecraft.
- To carry out a series of tests for a future manned station.
Once the Shenzhou-8 program is complete, Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-10
will be sent to the station. They will be manned spaceships. The
construction and launch of Tiangong-1 and the three related space
missions will cost China 15 billion yuan ($2.35 billion).
The Shenzhou-10 expedition will also include the first female
taikonaut: 33-year-old Wang Yaping, a military transport pilot from the
People's Liberation Army of China, who will be sent into orbit in 2013.
Salyut with Chinese specifics China is rapidly catching up with Russia and the United States.
Rather than leapfrog these two countries, China has decided to work,
quickly and consistently, through every step of the planning and
construction process for orbiting facilities as covered by the Americans and Russians before it. It is determined to do this on its own, without sharing common programs, but drawing on others' experience.
In their day, the two superpowers, in taking a breather from their
close moon race, took up orbiting station projects for research
purposes. They made skilful use of military ideas in that field.
The Soviet Union developed a series of Salyut stations and, following
that, produced their ultimate heir - the Mir orbiting station. The
United States took advantage of its Apollo moon program and developed
Skylab, a Salyut counterpart.
But the U.S. space orbiting program turned out to be a damp squib:
the Americans, after making much of it in 1973, left Skylab in orbit,
abandoning it, and in July 1979 let it burn up in the atmosphere. In the 1990s, the two programs - the Russian and the American - merged with the International Space Station program.
A look at Tiangong-1 reveals certain similarities with Soviet Soyuz and Salyut spacecraft. The developers do not deny this.
But Tiangong-1 is smaller than a Salyut - it weighs a mere 8.5 metric
tons, compared with the Soviet 18-19 ton payload - due to China's lack of a carrier rocket able to lift a heavier payload into orbit.
The Chinese, like their Soviet counterparts, are first planning to
put together an orbiting station from docked pairs: Tiangong-1 and a
standard manned ship of the Shenzhou type. But Chinese engineers are not going to take their time.
Currently, Chinese spacecraft designers are using technology from the
late 1960s - what the United States and the Soviet Union had at the
time. But, judging from displayed concepts, the Shenzhou and Tiangong
tandems will give place to more sophisticated designs within several
years' time, designs comparable to the Soviet Mir and conceptually close to the ISS.
Beijing's long shot plans
The emergence of a Chinese space outpost in the future looks
particularly promising when compared with the rather murky outlook for
the International Space Station.
The current residents of the common space station (Americans,
Russians, Europeans and Japanese) have no real plan for their joint
project after the next ten years. Or, to put it another way, who will
run and support this somewhat troublesome station after awhile?
China's attitude toward the ISS project is two-sided. In the early
1990s, China sought admission to the program, but the U.S. came out
against it. Now China has lost its interest in the ISS because it has
its own irons in the fire.
With the fate of the ISS uncertain after 2020, and a good deal
depending on the United States, we may witness a far from trivial event in ten or so years. A large space station will as before be orbiting the earth. Only this time it will be China's Heavenly Palace.
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